NASA (Skylab Missions early 1970's):
"The increased quantity and quality of exercise available to the crew were important in maintaining the crew health of Skylab 4. For each successive mission the exercise time had been increased from one-half hour, to 1 hour, to 1 and one-half   hours per day, respectively. In Skylab 4 the bicycle ergometer, the Mark I (an isokinetic force generating pulley), the Mark II (springs), and Mark III (the standard Apollo exercise device), the treadmill, and isometric exercises were available to counteract the effect of the zero-g environment; the crew had the highest overall average of quantifiable work output from their exercise... "

In a May and August 1979 Muscle Training Illustrated magazine 2 part article 'CHALLENGERS OF THE UNIVERSE'
TIC's author (Denie) directly interviewed in Houston's Johnson Space Center astronaut Dr. Story Musgrave. Dr. Musgrave later partcipated in the design and development of the Space Shuttle, served on many Shuttle missions in the 80's plus as an 'in space walk' technician worked and repaired the Hubbell Space Telescope.
Musgrave, helped develop Skylab and it's many missions protocols, a skilled medical surgeon, and teacher of Physiology and Biophysics told MTI (me) this about the early in flight physical maintenance program of fitness as it stood at that time:
" If you go back to the 'Mercury' and Gemini (missions) when weight and space available for anything you wished to incude in the space craft was
extremely limited-than the amount of equipment that was put on board osupport you, with that your physical
fitness program was extremely limited.
" Now zero gravity, of course,has some particular aspects in that you cannot use gravity to do your exercise...such as weights.
" If you lift weight for exercise, in zero gravity, the weights don't weight anyhing-they only have mass. They don't weight anything so you can't use them except for maybe their inertial characteristics of starting and stopping. And like wise you couldn't use weights for doing pushups or chinups, or deep knee
bends.
" So you have to incorporate something such as that (a substiute for weights). But in terms of what you do in flight depends on the program you're looking at, and how much weight and space is available on the space craft.
" Now, we have had bungy type systems in the past. they're spring systems.
" This is based on, say, putting your foot into a stirrup and pulling a spring against it, or rubber cables
...something like that.
" On the "Skylab Program' which was our first space
Station effort, we actually had a stationary bicycle on board with a restraint system (a way to add resistance to the pedaling effect) using an ergometer (a metabolic
measuring computer).
"We also had Exergyms (iso-kinetic positive, meter
machines) and 'Exergenies' alng with what we call a
'Mark 1' on the Skylab. That's simply an inertia wheel with a rope on it, where you pulled against the inertia wheel and springs. "

NASA database:
" Cosmonaut Valeriy Ryumin wrote in his memoirs: "On the ground, [exercise] was a pleasure, but [in space] we had to force ourselves to do it. Besides being simple hard work, it was also boring and monotonous.
" Weightlessness also makes it clumsy: equipment such as treadmills, bicycles and rowing machines must be festooned with restraints. Perspiration doesn't drip but simply accumulates. Skylab astronauts described disgusting pools of sweat half an inch deep sloshing around on their breastbones. Clothing becomes saturated.

NASA describing additional physiological problems induced by weightlessness:

"DEGRADED SENSE OF SMELL AND TASTE:
" The increase of fluids in the head causes stuffiness similar to a head cold. Foods take on an aura of sameness and there is a craving for spices and strong flavorings such as horseradish, mustard and taco sauce .

"FLATULENCE:
"Digestive gas cannot "rise" toward the mouth and is more likely to pass through the other end of the digestive tract -- in the words of Skylab crewman-doctor Joe Kerwin: "very effectively with great volume and frequency" .

"FACIAL DISTORTION:
"The face becomes puffy and expressions become difficult to read, especially when viewed sideways or upside down. Voice pitch and tone are affected and speech becomes more nasal .

"CHANGES IN POSTURE AND STATURE:
"The neutral body posture approaches the fetal position. The spine tends to lengthen. Each of the Skylab astronauts gained an inch or more of height, which adversely affected the fit of their space suits .

"CHANGES IN COORDINATION:
"Earth-normal coordination unconsciously compensates for self-weight. In weightlessness, the muscular effort required to reach for and grab an object is reduced. Hence, there is a tendency to reach too "high" (TIC:and too fast) .
"Many of these changes do not pose problems as long as the crew remains in a weightless environment.
"Trouble ensues upon the return to life with gravity. The rapid deceleration during reentry is especially stressful as the apparent gravity grows from zero to more than one "g" in a matter of minutes. In 1984, after a 237-day mission, Soviet cosmonauts felt that if they had stayed in space much longer they might not have survived reentry
" In 1987, in the later stages of his 326-day mission, Yuri Romanenko was highly fatigued, both physically and mentally. His work day was reduced to 4.5 hours while his sleep period was extended to 9 hours and daily exercise on a bicycle and treadmill consumed 2.5 hours. At the end of the mission, the Soviets implemented the unusual procedure of sending up a "safety pilot" to escort Romanenko back to Earth .
Soviet cosmonauts Vladimir Titov and Moussa Manarov broke the one-year barrier when they completed a 366-day mission on 21 December 1988. Subsequent Russian missions have surpassed that. These long-duration space flights are extraordinary. They are milestones of human endurance. They are not models for space commercialization. "

"On the other hand, all countermeasures are somewhat effective, and some combinations of protocols work better than others. Exercise that is eccentric (muscle-lengthening, as in the 'down' phase of a dumbbell curl) is more effective at preserving muscle mass than concentric (muscle-contracting, as in the 'up' phase of the curl) exercise, and thus more eccentric exercises are planned for the International Space Station (ISS) astronauts.
' Following his spaceflight of greater than a year's duration, cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov was on his feet and hitting the lecture circuit within 10 days. Prevention of muscle atrophy has been more successful than that of bone loss, and is unlikely to pose a significant threat to long-duration flights" (NASA)

THE BIOMECHANICS, ASTROMOLECULAR ISOTONICS, AND BIOFIELDS OF 'OFF WORLD TRAINING'

One thing is for certain about training in weightless spaceflight...You will not find THE IRON CONNECTION.

You will find:
A Resistance Connection (Astromolecular Isotonics) in order to help create a genetic fixing point to maintain structural security.
This may be made from plastic, light weight alloys of high tensile strength, flexicords, passive hydraulic drive units (as opposed to active motorized hydraulics), piston drive adjustable tension systems - all potentially hooked up to body electrode body monitoring systems.
The point of their uses as exercising systems:
To generate by using kinetic energy breakdown and induced recuperation processes, a simulated gravity bio-micro field effect on the internal genetic regulators of physical density and organic molecular control...a mind and body cohesion.

Barbells and their children the dumbbells would only float about. Of course, on the space colonies
(or other planets with gravitational forces) a more traditional type of Bodybuilding, gleaned and made from the resources of those areas, just as they are
manufactured on earth will be made available. Perhaps
some modified B-D will again reappear.

In a 1973 Muscle Training Illustrated Sci Fi based article long before what is contemprorary in this chapter dealing with the space program TIC author wrote:

"However, in space and on the various colonized
stations, barbells were impractical, which gave rise to the hydraulics resistance systems for muscle building and toning.
" The systems were based on various hydraulic pressures used as impedence with cam and shafts and isolated body movement for muscle contraction.
" In the second half of the 20th Century a man named Arthur Jones invented the prototypes, employing interchangeable weights...and later modified them into hydraulics (adaptation of Nautilus never happened), since extra weight was detrimental to early rocket drive. And naturally in gravity-less space,weight does not exist so the barbell was only practical under a gravity like condition on earth and in the pressurized living domes on similar earth type planets."


NASA database:
" Gymnasium in the Sky:
"The Russian Mir Program
In the Russian human spaceflight program, exercise has always been considered to be a key countermeasure to minimize skeletal muscle atrophy and bone calcium loss and to prevent physical deconditioning.
"On early Russian piloted flights of long duration, cosmonauts performed upper body exercises for two one-hour periods per day using bungee cords. As missions became longer in duration, exercise periods were increased to about 2.5 hours per day and included a bicycle ergometer and a treadmill. "The type of exercise, level of intensity, and type of equipment used were tailored to each cosmonaut and were rotated on a four-day cycle.
". . . on the Russian space station Mir the exercise regimens are (were) tailored to three phases of the mission: the first month, which is the period of acute adaptation to the space environment, the period after the first month, and the last two months before return to Earth.
"During the first few days of the first month only limited isometric exercises involving the neck, back, arms, and legs are (were) suggested.
" After the fifth day, exercise is performed using the bicycle ergometer and treadmill with gradually increasing workloads until full duration, about two hours per day, and intensity are achieved. "Additionally, strength training exercises are (were) prescribed using expanders and bungee cords.
"These last approximately 20-30 minutes per day. "This full complement of exercise is followed throughout the middle phase of the mission. "During the last two months, the crew exercises only on the treadmill for two one-hour periods per day. In the course of the collaboration between U.S. and Russia on Mir, the NASA/Mir program, American astronauts on the Russian space station followed similar exercise protocols".

1. TREADMILL RESISTANCES:
For more than 30 years Treadmill devices both
passive (no motor-America NASA) and active (motorized-Russian Program) have been the workhorse
of attempted bone and muscle/cardiovasular. maintenance. And have had marginal success for these purposes in short term spaceflight
"Astronauts can use a treadmill as a form of resistance exercise. The treadmill is a Teflon-coated aluminum sheet on a roller, with a bottom that locks into holes in the floor. Straps (bungee cords) from the base of the treadmill tie around the waist. "
" Astronauts exercise their arms by pushing upward on the bar while walking. Moving air from a nearby duct is used to dry off the perspiration produced from exercising. Otherwise, the sweat would stick to the skin and grow thicker and thicker...."
" But that particular combination has not yet proven effective in preventing bone loss -- perhaps because it cannot provide sufficient loads.
"The straps are so uncomfortable that the cosmonauts (in a Russian orbital study) could only exercise at 60 to 70 per cent of their body weight."

Since the beginning of Treadmill use in microgravity
an important modification has taken place quantifying
their effectivenes:

NASA (Ames Space Labaratory:
Lower Body Negative Pressure Exercise- .... Force levels generated by bungee cord-assisted, treadmill exercise are limited by harness discomfort.
Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) has been used as a test of orthostatic tolerance on Earth, and as a countermeasure during spaceflight to prevent postflight orthostatic intolerance.
" In essence, a LBNP device consists of a partial vacuum chamber around the lower body and sealed at the waist. Normally, the LBNP chamber incorporates a saddle to allow the legs to remain relaxed, thereby maximizing blood and fluid movement (TIC: into) to the lower body. Either fainting from reduced blood pressure to the head, or discomfort from prolonged pressure against the saddle usually limits LBNP levels to between 30 and 50 mmHg.
"... The LBNP Exercise Device incorporates a vertical treadmill and horizontal subject suspension system. Flight versions will be lighter and more compact, and will not require a subject suspension system.
Previously, we documented that footward force in a LBNP chamber without a saddle is a product of the body cross-sectional area at the waist seal and the LBNP level. If the negative pressure acts only through the cross-sectional area of the subject's waist, a negative pressure level of approximately 100 mmHg is necessary to generate one body weight (BW) of footward force. Supine exercise during 100 mmHg LBNP produces equivalent ground-reaction forces to 1 G, but a greater cardiovascular stress as compared to upright exercise in 1 G. "

(TIC) The Treadmill's Countermeasure helps modify
a microgravity side effect on the cardiovascular system, which has an additional dehydrating complication as well:
"The upward shift of fluid which occurs in microgravity causes(ing) the heart to react as if it received an increased blood supply. Because of this the heart actually stretches to accommodate the extra blood. The brain is notified that there is too much blood and turns off the replenishment of red blood cells accomplished by the bone marrow. Once the blood cells have been reduced the heart no longer has to pump as heart and reduces its size by 1/3."
(THE HUMAN BODY IN OUTER SPACE
© John F. Graham, 1995)



2. ERGOMETER AND CYCLING TYPE UNITS:
"Astronauts may also do resistance exercise on a rowing machine or an exercise bicycle like the Ergometer III used on LMS"...(NASA)
"The bicycle ergometer is a modification of the device used on Skylab. Its operating principle is based on a braking band/flywheel resistance mechanism controlled by a stepper motor.
"The ergometer workload is calibrated and set manually, and displays work rate and pedal speed. During operation, the astronaut snaps the bicycle shoes into the pedal foot restraint binding and the hips are held in place with a lap belt while the trunk leans on a back cushion"...(NASA)

(TIC) These units are supplemental to the Treadmill
exercise with more of a strength contractile element for
legs incurred.



3. ELECTRO MUSCLE STIMULATORS AND BRAIN/MIND BODY ENDOCRINE CONNECTIONS:
The important basic control of the life force ad human health is this fact dealing with electromagnetic field potentials...'Normal metabolism requires a surface potential of 70-90 millivolt (mV) on the cell membrane. If this membrane potential drops the active metabolism is impaired. Impaired physical performance and internal communications with chronic illness can result. Illnesses are the consequences of impaired cell metabolism.'

"The core of the Earth produces a field rather like a bar-magnet and the energy of the Sun distorts this field into what is called the magnetosphere.   This shields us from much of the harmful ionising radiation from the universe.  It does not rotate with the Earth, but always has the same side facing the Sun which means that the magnetic field at any given place on Earth rises and falls each day causing biological rhythms in humans (TIC: Circadian rhythms and/or hormonal patterns), animals and plants. 
"The geomagnetic field at the surface of the Earth has a value of between about 20 and 70 microtesla, varying with position.  Superimposed on this is a diurnally varying field of up to about 1 microtesla (1000 nanotesla) which also varies with the solar and lunar days as well as other cosmic intervals.
Before 1900 the Earth's electromagnetic field consisted mainly of the slowly pulsing magnetic field described above, visible light, and fields from random discharges of lightning.  
" In 1952 a   physicist, W.O. Schumann, theoretically proposed that our earth and ionosphere would  resonate at the same frequencies as human brainwaves.
 "In 1962 it was confirmed that these signals exist and, as had been predicted, were almost indistinguishable from human brainwaves. 
"These resonances are called "Schumann Resonances" and have a pronounced signal in them around 8 Hz.  They are mainly driven by lightning discharges around the world  causing ELF electromagnetic waves mainly in the range 1 to 40Hz (cycles per second) which resonate between the Earth and the ionosphere. 
"It is now well known that these oscillations vary slightly in frequency every 24 hours, monthly, in conjunction with the moon, and in definite cycles related to sunspot activity.  They are also affected by planetary positions. 
"Through the ages, life on Earth has developed within these fields.
"The 8Hz component is now regarded as particularly important and beneficial to living systems, coinciding with the human brain's alpha rhythm (8 to 12 Hz) [5], and Schumann Wave generators are built into spacecraft to help stabilise biological rhythms and prevent 'space sickness'. 
" In many places on Earth we cannot detect these signals as they are now drowned in a sea of electrical "noise".... (TIC: Or we may be shielded from them by
various building and construction materials.)
( Alasdair Philips, Electronic and Agricultural Engineer)

TIC:
Schumann waves help regulate the body's internal clock, thus affecting: neuro adaptation sleep, mood patterns, hormonal secretions, the menstrual cycle in women and possibly general anabolic/catabolic biochemistry metabolism fields...along with Circadian rhythms that are dependent on light intensity radiations a.k.a. day and night plus seasonal dynamics.
NASA investigated and reacted to this when the early astronauts returned to Earth only after a short time in space feeling distressed and disorientated. Due to disrupted neurotransmission because of terran electromagnetic field deficit.
A day (24 hours) - In orbital flights a space vehicle can circle the earth as many as 16 times. So day and night are not relative with Circadian body rhythms in major disruption on return to earth.
NASA's ingenious countermeasure was to install equipment to generate Schumann waves artificially in their spacecraft.

A new realm of technological earth mimicing potential electromagnetic field modes for internal bio- communications maintenance are being created.  Among these the supplemental use of brain scanners , eeg wave recorders, bio-chemical analysis, multi-media tools, virtual reality, genetic algo-rhythms,  bio-feedback techniques and a fully equipped scientific method we are capable of observing, categorizing, analyzing, and operationalizing states of mind. 
These states can then be recreated in astronauts, cosmonauts or space exploration traveler. While this may not exactly duplicate the still mythical scifi Star Trek ship Enterprise's 'Holodeck'...
As on earth where originated, the growing tech hardware may be able to induce particular mind/ brain- mood states with hormonal flux drives for anabolism to improve their mental, physical, and structural density  functioning.  
Using them, we'll be able to regulate, and help bio-organize our genetic security levels with high frequency-high amplitude neuro-energetic synaptic interaction."


UE<<<
Electrical Muscular Stimulation (EMS) The use of electrical stimulation to activate muscles directly, without activation of the peripheral nerve. Direct muscle stimulation requires pulse or phase durations of at least 1 milliseconds, and more often uses even longer durations.

Evidence for:
appropriate electrical stimulation can cause a denervated muscle to contract
contraction of a denervated muscle may help limit edema and venous stasis within the muscle, and therefore delay muscle fiber degeneration and fibrosis
recovery time following denervation appears to be shortened with appropriate electrical stimulation

Evidence against:
contraction of the denervated muscle may disrupt regenerating neuromuscular junctions and subsequently delay reinnervation denervated muscle is more sensitive to trauma than innervated muscle, and electrical stimulation may further traumatize the denervated muscle prolonged electrical stimulation until reinnervation occurs is not worth the financial and time costs involved.
The Russians claim to have basically introduced EMS into athletics in most literature. And there's been some use of EMS in the spaceflight program missions
testing procedures.
        But the true fact is Doc Zeigler (who developed Dianabol for Ciba) may have, along with the isometric/isotonic rack, and the hack slide machine.
      Zeigler claims ( Dr. Robert Goldman and I interviewed and knew him before he died) that the Russians stole his prototype EMS machines (buglarizing his home where he practiced in a back office-according to my memory).      
 What's relative is the areas I indicated to scan to on this site. If you read the 'The Sonic Power Principle' chapter in my book-this bit of data on pain control makes it so much clearer.        
 It additionally makes clear the relevency of burns in final reps...it is the burns principle which activates a higher degree of anabolism because of the lactic acid kick back and this builds muscle density..
        The problem is...mental pain tolerance...and mood control to accept this sensation on a regular basis (after proper recuperation periods)...therefore Sonic buffer zones can be effective until complete failure can be reached in pure 'astromolecular isontonic' spaceflight training
        I never completely liked the idea of the EMS because it robs the body of neuromuscular coordination...and ligament tendon stabilizing and strength balancing reactions due to   ' muscle belly contraction over leverage adjustments'.
Unless you compensate to use it as a tool for mass building by specifically doing extra tendon bonding and ligament articulation and range of action mobility stretch work.
However EMS can be a very potent tissue density
maintenance tool...and when applied to bones induces
calcium deposition into the collagen matrix.


The brain/mind bundle must always remain interactive with the body...which was somewhat discussed in an earlier chapter 'The Sonic Power Principle.
One temporary fix is
a. Vortex suits

++++
TIC special notes for definition:
The Mind-Body Brain Neuro Enhancement
Head Jacking....based-Sonic Power Principle
1. Circadian Enhancing Music Frequency Hertz
Vibes with beat pattern subbliminal implants.
a.k.a. 'Sound Doping'.
2. Eyeball Jacks...based on mind machine tech using
optic portal sequences.


****************

4. Anabolic Enhanced Pharmacology:
"Reductions in growth hormone and testosterone during space flight worsen muscle health.  Aging down regulates growth hormone secretion. Augmenting selected hormones may maintain muscle mass in space and on Earth. Also, genetically engineered muscles of mice can produce human growth hormone, demonstrating the potential feasibility of gene therapy countermeasures for space and Earth"
(NASA database)

Various approaches have been, and are being used
in spaceflight from a nutritional entry standpoint as
countermeasures. The U.S. Program is based on anti-oxidants essential to allieviate the potential destructive genetic and upper metabolic effects of space radiation.
These are caused by bomardment of energetic protons, helium ions and electrons from the solar winds along with Galactic Cosmic Cosmic Rays on our genetic bonding life control helix adaptors,
Other considerations include internal functions
that can be reinforced by both nutritional and Pharmacology aids. In this reference reversing the
deconditioning of the cardio fluid pumping system in microgravity:
" More than their American counterparts, Russian biomedical researchers have favored the use of drugs to counter this deconditioning.
"Cosmonauts have used nitroglycerine, panangin (potassium, magnesium and asparaginate), riboxin, potassium orotate and a class of drugs called GABA analogues to control cardiac disturbances, with varying success.
"Russian researchers also use protocols of the 'Penguin' suits, Chibis suits (lower-body negative pressure suits) and G-suits with exercise regimens.
"American aerospace physiologists tend to more favor the proven beneficial effects of aerobic training while on orbit, and hours are spent daily on the treadmill and cycle ergometer.
"Potassium dietary supplements have been used since cardiac arrhythmias in the long postflight recovery following Apollo 15 were linked to low dietary potassium, and seem to have prevented recurrences. Saline loading before re-entry helps but does not prevent postflight orthostatic intolerance."
(Tararack R. Czanik MD-Aerospace Medicine)
But the Russian program which was kept secret until joint cooperation was establshed making these know. The Russians who were adapting far better for many reasons both socio-politically and possibly genetically multiplied by more time in space projects experience had a crash program also of using nutraceuticals and 'a secret' . . . Adaptogens.

Quote:
"When I was in space for the five months, I worked very, very hard to retain my muscle strength, and especially my bone density. In spite of my efforts of working on a treadmill two one- hour periods each day, I still lost about 12% of my bone mass and in my lower spine and in my hips. And since my return to the planet, I've been working very hard physically to try to regain some of that bone strength. In the international space station, we will have treadmill exercise devices. As far as the bone density problem, we may have to start, beginning with pharmaceutical intervention, taking some medications very similar to the medications that older people use for osteoporosis."
(U.S. Astronaut-Jerry Linenger)


The greatest Countermeasures breakthrough aside from proper exercise programs in Spaceflight is the significance of Adaptogens. (isolated plant botantical nutrient especially from the Ginseng family which were isolated by Soviet Dr. Israel Brekhman who studied the phytochemistry of an approximate 189 herbal type plants in the mid 20th Century), This breakthrough was first noted in the Soviet Space Program, and was a former secret factor in it's success.

It was absolutely acknowledged by the than, Soviets, that Dr. Brekhman built outstanding human performance enhancing products used in their space program. Brekhman's nutritional supplements restored the natural balance within the cosmonauts' physiological processes protecting them against the stresses of radiation, motion, vertigo, weightlessness, enforced inactivity, and other difficulties encountered in spaceflight.

" Soviet Cosmonauts greatly benefited by using adaptogens. Most apparent was the handling of the stresses of G-force, weightlessness, confinement, lack of exercise, virtigo, and motion sickness. Currently the Soviets have established  the most significant records for duration times in space.
Cosmonaut Valery Polyakov... who spend one entire year in space, aided by the Russian application of Adaptogens therapy . ( TIC:Special herb formulas including Siberian Ginseng. Botanical name: Eleutherococcus senticosus).


PHARMACOLOGY
The carrier eleutherosides in Siberian Ginseng for example: appear to be responsible for the adaptogenic properties of the botanitical. The eleutherosides phytochemical chemistry are a range of glycosides with aromatic alcohol aglycones (Ginsenosides have triterpenoid aglycones).
These glycosides appear to act on the adrenal glands, helping to prevent adrenal hypertrophy and excess corticosteroid production in response to stress. The eleutherosides additionally acting as a moleculer donor help reduce the exhaustion phase of the stress response and return the adrenals to normal function faster. And this is only one of the
phytochemical systems in this nutraceutical product.

TIC A Definition Of Adaptogens:
Adaptogens may contain special earth polarity charged electron, neutron, and proton packages that interact on a quantum level with cell energy flow bioresonance and density field structure. In short they may be electron donors specifially...or, like anti-oxidants may be free radical electron pick up systems for removal or disipation of damaging radiants (waste metabolic energy components).
Therefore, oral adaptogens are human electromagnetic tissue field adjusters...just as isolated carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are tissue energy
and density contributors, With physical, intellectual, or
emotional movement being the the directing factor for use-and fitness inducing exercise a special
programming mechanism for conditioning of all processes involved.

"Adaptogens work at the cellular level to help the body cope with stress-related situations. When the body is placed under stress, molecules known as beta-lipo-proteins increase in number and block the passage of energy through cell walls. These stress-induced beta-lipo-proteins block the key enzyme, hexokinase, that is responsible for transforming glucose (TIC: Because of a plant substance called glycosides which electromagnetically link to glucose and may be oxygen sparing plus a defense against free radicals which damage tissues both energy breakdown or external radiation sources.) to be used by the cells for energy.
"When cells do not receive an adequate supply of energy, they are unable to function properly. Adaptogens are able to thwart this effect by preventing the formation and accumulation of beta-lipoproteins and allowing the hexokinase enzymes to freely convert glucose into energy for the cells (Wahlstrom, 1987).

"Adaptogens also have an anabolic effect. They aid in rebuilding damaged muscle tissue following strenuous activity. This is accomplished by facilitating the synthesis of protein within the body. Through the use of adaptogens, the time needed for the body to recover from high-intensity training or extended periods of stress is greatly reduced. This anabolic effect is similar to the effect obtained when using synthetic anabolic steroids, but the harmful side effects linked to steroid use are not present" (Avery, 1995).

Partial list of Adaptogens and phytochemical adaptogen properties:
Siberian Ginseng...the leader and most popular.
Korean
Asian Ginseng (Ren Shen)
American Ginseng
Schizandra Berries (Wu Wei Zi)
Kelp
Astragalus (Huang Chi)
Ashwaganda
Echinacea
Reishi Mushroom (Ling Zhi)
Gotu Kola
Angelica Sinensis (Dong Quai / Dang Gui) Polygonum Multiflorum (Ho Shou Wu)
Suma
Coleus Forskohlii
General Properties of Adaptogens:

With the Chinese currently entering the Space Program creating their own access. It is very
likely a huge number of additional adaptogens will be entering space medicine. Among them the Chinese
immunity and energy enhancers also known as ergogenics in the athletic nutritional category:
Mahuang (Ephedra)
Cordyceps
Green and Black Teas

"One study in Aviation and Space Environment Medicine found there to be two prevailing theories about why space motion sickness has been a major problem for both the U.S. and Soviet manned space programs. One theory has to do with mismatching signals in the brain, and the other with fluid shifting in the brain. Vinpocetine was found to be successful in reducing the symptoms of space motion sickness, owing, in part, to increased oxygen and glucose distribution in the brain. A contributing factor may be its ability to enhance blood flow to the brain, especially in fine capillaries.
(Life Enhancement)

NASA database:
"Both the American and Russian space programs currently use a fluid-loading regimen prior to re-entry: crewmembers drink 32 ounces of water or juice and 8 salt tablets (for fluid retention) about 1 hour before re-entry, producing 1 liter of isotonic saline in the stomach. This has the effect of lowering heart rate, decreasing cardiovascular deconditioning and alleviating much of the presyncope ('faint' feeling) returning astronauts typically have. But so much salt is hard on the stomach, and some astronauts vomit the solution back up. Research is being considered on a glycerin-based rehydration fluid..
(TIC: Which Bodybuilders have been well aware of for a very long time, since they use glycerin to hydrate muscle structures giving them a rounder fuller look. And additionally enhance vascularity...all done a day or so before a physique competition after a rigorous
diet and definition program which tends to dehydrate
muscle structures, a side effect of: attempting to directly deplete effectively fat lipids from adipose tissue in the weeks previous to the event..)

One advanced designed 0-G gravity training unit which almost mimics an earthbound spa trainer slightly reminecent of early Nautilus machines is... Keiser SX-1 Variable Resistance Exercise Device

5. HARDCORE RESISTANCE TRAINING COUNTER MEASURES:

Astronaut Health/Countermeasures Keiser SX-1 Variable Resistance Exercise Device
Jennifer Pedley, Anthony Artino, Richard Ballard, Alan R. Hargens Muscle atrophy and decreased bone density are problems associated with extended exposure to microgravity. Therefore, it is vital for astronauts to exercise during long-duration spaceflight to reduce these adverse physiological changes. In collaboration with Ames Research Center and Palo Alto Veterans Administration Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, the Keiser SX-1 resistance exercise device was developed to prevent muscle atrophy and bone weakness.
Two pneumatic pistons provide variable and high resistance for the lower-body exercises, whereas a single piston allows resistance exercises for the upper body and spine.
When performing the exercises, the user is secured by a harness to provide muscle isolation and proper positioning (see the first figure). The device includes an adjustable monitor that provides feedback information such as force, work, and power. Other features include strength and cardiovascular modes represented on the monitor.
In the strength mode, the monitor displays the number of repetitions and the angle of the upper-body exercise levers. The cardiovascular mode conveys to the user repetitions per minute, total time of the exercise for upper and lower body, and graphic indicators to represent the range of motion.
The Keiser SX-1 is designed to fit into a standard Space Station rack. The total weight of the device is 120 kilograms (265 pounds), but the weight can be reduced to 80-100 kilograms using aluminum. All exercises are performed in one or two positions by using the four buttons located on the handgrips. Two thumb buttons on each handgrip are capable of adjusting
(1) the amount of resistance to the upper and lower extremities;
(2) the leverage from a pulling to pushing exercise (that is, pulldown to a chest press); and
(3) the range of motion for arms from 0 to 70 degrees (that is, row to shoulder press exercise).
Maximum and minimum resistance values for the lower-body range from 1,500 to 100 Newtons and for the upper body from 1,000 to 50 Newtons. At any designated time, the user can adjust the resistance and exercise.
A user can perform resistance exercises from supine and prone positions. These exercises include:
(1) bilateral chest press for strengthening the pectoralis major, anterior deltoids, and triceps;
(2) bilateral row for strengthening the latissimus dorsi, rhomboids, and biceps;
(3) bilateral shoulder press, supine and/or prone position for strengthening the deltoids and triceps;
(4) bilateral lat pull-down, supine and/or prone position for strengthening the latissimus dorsi and biceps;
(5) bilateral or unilateral leg press for strengthening the gluteals, quadriceps, hamstrings, calf muscles, and lower back postural muscles; and
(6) bilateral or unilateral hip flexion. In addition, many of the above exercises produce spinal loading that may help reduce back pain due to spinal lengthening in microgravity.
In a comparison evaluation with a standard supine leg press (SLP) device, the SX-1 demonstrated similar thigh muscle electromyographic (EMG) activities during concentric and eccentric exercises (see the second figure).
With regard to the calf muscles, gastrocnemius EMG activity was greater with the SX-1 than the SLP, while soleus EMG activity was similar or slightly lower with the SX-1 than the SLP.
These results indicate that the Keiser SX-1 is capable of loading thigh and calf muscles in a manner similar to a conventional leg press device used for ground-based exercise.
Presently, cardiovascular machines are emphasized on the Space Shuttle; however, strength training devices are an exception. Exercising on a variable-resistance device during spaceflight may be effective in decreasing the detrimental physiological effects caused by exposure to microgravity. Keiser SX-1 has the ability to combine cardiovascular and resistance training as well as spinal loading during exercise.
With an appropriate high-resistance training protocol, users may be able to maintain muscle size and strength as well as bone density. The Keiser SX-1 represents an important advance toward this goal.
Point of Contact: A. Hargens (650) 604-5746
ahargens@mail.arc.nasa.gov

Interim Resistance Exercise Device (IRED)
IRED is special resistance exercise may be used on the International Space Station developed by Dr. Michael Rapley, an exercise physiologist at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston.
Dr. Rapley in the photo demonstrates a squat using the versatile resistance unit which astronauts may use on the International Space Station for bone and muscle maintenance purposes.

IRED Multi Trainer

This is another solution for high intensity resistance exercise in space which was formerly limited to treadmills, bicycles, and bungee cords.
With this new machine, astronauts can dial in precise levels of resistance. Crank handles near Rapley's knees turn aluminum-rimmed, rubber-spoked wheels inside the cylinders, as if winding tension on a spring. The machine accomodates 16 different exercises including squats, dead lifts, heel lifts, and various presses and curls.
Because of weightless in space, astronauts must use more resistance than on the ground because they no longer have to lift their own body weight—in a squat or in normal gravitized walking gates, for example—as part of the task.
The full squat with stress applied at the shoulder girdle has long been known to earth trainers as the major strength and power builder with special emphasis for bone potentiating in the postural spinal segments, pelvic girdle, and leg bone structure
shafts...plus a major cardiovascular interactive edurance builder.
The IRED is capable of delivering more than 300 pounds (136 kilograms) of resistance.
(Sources: NASA and National Geographic)

UNIVERSAL DENSITY RESISTANCE PROGRESSIVES

It's a scientific astronomical fact that solar systems
and universes spiral and vortex as they interact with each other in their radiations and magnetic
interaction.
The macrocasm and microcasm share these physical properties. As it is above so it is below. Enter the DNA spiral double helix of the upper microcasm human genetic code-our physio-dynamic structural control panel.


( READERS. . .
YOU CAN SKIP THIS BLOCK SET OF NOTES-Extreme biotechnology from NASA:
Cells interact with their environments through two major signal pathways:
One based on soluble growth factors and their receptors (including those for hormones, growth factors, chemokines, and other small molecule effectors),
And the second involving molecules responsible for direct interactions between cells (e.g., cadherins, selectins, CAMs)22 and extracellular matrix (integrins, collagens, glycosaminoglycans, laminin, fibronectin, and so on), including focal adhesion complexes.
These two systems interact at the cell surface. The ligand-receptor interactions activate multiple interactive signaling complexes and pathways of intracellular signal transduction, leading to signal amplification.

Finally, these metabolic cascades bring about changes in gene expression that govern cell physiology and behavior. Specific points of inquiry include mechanisms of reception or detection and response to extracellular chemical signals, environmental stress, and mechanical forces (e.g., touch and stretch-sensitive ion channels, fluid flow-shear forces, muscle and bone loading and unloading), including gravity, by mechanoreceptors ).
END NASA BLOCK Notes.


Therefore, in both weightless and artificially induced gravity...a related mode of Unified Field Force body training should be obvious..
To maintain systemic structural stability it's logical to hypothesis that isolated muscle training of bodyparts is not a superior density transducer. Accept in the case
of leg/pelvic muscle structures which need more intense resistance specifically to gravitize condition
them.
But Vortex/Circuit training also know as
Peripheral Heart Action (PHA) might well be.
Because it can achieve many purposes at the
same time . . .

1. Heavy (imposed) Resistance (Astromolecular Isontonics) can be handled building (or maintaining) both bone and muscle...which cause lymphatic system drainage as well dealing with fluid retention.

2. Because Vortex/PHA is non stop it creates major
cardiovascular stimulation as it encourages the heart
to pump blood to many places around the body at the
same time. Example: A torso movement helps flush
the products from a leg movement away from the
area and visa versa.

3.The Vortex application heightens and agitates (oscillates and centruges) the molecules of the body
more in keeping with the Universal force fields where
gravity exists and does not.

4.Vortex training and it's bodypart no rest shifting can peak heart rate more rapidly than lower rates of simple
Treadmill or cycling systems can...more economically
since its a 1 for 3 process.

5. In first analysis . . . There is no spiral apparent here in Vortex training. The Vortex approach of training many bodyparts which are distant from each other stress the internally based spiralling genetic patterns. That is the relationship. The system of training generates it's own centripical force fields inward.

With the Universe and solar systems being hydrogen
based spiralling radiant energy systems which due to
their magnetic fields contract and expand. Therefore,
it seems more logical for human structural density
away from it's 1-G forming forces to act in the same way for countermeasure supports, as the Universal variable . . . and not in opposition to it's fields and bonding laws.

Vortex rapid resistance training with more attention to the legs and spinal postural muscles is spiralization
of the human organic system and solidity bonding
magnification enhancing the Hyrdogen/Oxi (human macrocasm nitro-hydrating) linking and energy systems.

As a relative reference extracted from the work of
Bruce Cathie on electromagnetic grid planetoid systems and Universal applications...
"Einstein declared that physical matter was nothing more than a concentrated field of force. What we term a physical substance is, in reality, an intangible concentration of wave-forms.
"Different concentrations of structural patterns of waves unite to form the myriad chemicals and elements which in turn react with one another to form physical substances.
"Different wave-forms of matter appear to us to be solid because we are constituted of similar wave-forms which resonate within a clearly defined range of frequencies that control the physical processes of our limited
world."

Therefore . . . Vortex, and training circuit/spiralization patterns with resistance training in spaceflight can induce (reinforce) organic body density and tissue composition. Or as TIC would refer to it 'artificial internal electromagnetic induced gravity conditions'.

__________________________
Developing Notes:Spiralling generated force field program
Denie/TIC notes
Other systems include Pressure Suit Accu-flexors with
alternating and selective EMS compu-patterns to spiral/vortex stimulate the muscles using a pull and push torso/ leg variant .

1. Resistance IsoMagnetics.
Equipment which gives magnetically induced
resistances with the training unit.
Conversion tables: earth pounds or kilos to
'ReMag' stresses. .

2. Methods of counter circulation....torso
leg supersets...etc.

(More notes to categorize in 1-5 base

Investigate and expand this data below...)


THE GEOGENETIC POLARITY LATITUDE IRON CONNECTION

" Evolving earthbound man/woman is a Geo-electromagnetic radiating field, spiralling self contained energy system-like all things in nature (here) and the Universe.

" Man /woman is a vectoring system of inner and outer pressures and vibrating energies temporarily stabilized in time and space in this genetically controlled vector.

" When man/woman is removed from the earth energies containment field the body breaks down. Or when maintained in those earth-like energy fields can build up density of form.

" This is controlled by:

GEO 101 . . .

1. Geo dynamics (or gravity forces).

2. Geo density

3. Geo longitude and latitude . . . otherwise known
as electromagnetic field operant environment.

4. Race and Culture are a Geogenetic toning physical and mental control system of radiating environment vector systems.

5. We consume foods to catalytically convert their
electrons into energy radiation properties within in
ourselves..

6. Systemized controlled resistance exercise is an energy catalytic conversion radiation factor-which can polarize tissue and positive/negative electromagetic vector field charges. This applies both in centripedal gravity induced forces (earth) or non-earth conditions.

7. GeoGravity is resistance. Resistance exercise with energy compensation related to it's energy use creates internal gravity forces using the genetic control system for density/matter bonding control.

8. Gene DNA and their 4 protein vectoring systems for environmenal electromagnetic field radiations are adaptors. This is both a micro (below gene control) and macro (upwards into physical form density probability phenomenon).

9. The basic control of these micro/macro systems
and all energy release is . . . the hydrogen bond. "
. . . Denie
___________________

There must be a biological reason why some
earth based genetic potential is more adaptable
to entering spaceflight conditions with less body
density breakdown in muscle and bone, plus other
related system.
All astronauts respond differently, however the
cosmonaut contingent seems to have an edge in the space program for some reason.

Why are (were) the Russians (a.k.a. ex-Soviet countries) who are made up of many 'so called' ethnic factions more adaptable ?
Is there something about the morphogenetic pool
which makes them denser structurally and more suited for survival in 0-G even with a slight percentile margin range.
This could be augmented by adaptogens as they
their medical experts state, special pre-training
they do before launches . . . or maybe something
else intirely . . .
Another possibility is Western astronauts are molecularly compromised by their heavily refined diets and hydrogenated fat consumption during the child to adulthood growth process.
This, doing great harm to both their bones and blood vessels . . . including cardiovascular integrity and energy enzyme systems.

". . . Take These Broken Wings."

NASA in house nutritional programs technically
stress well balanced diets containing all required nutrients and anti-oxidants for health maintenance.
But, unless they pick 'the 'best of the best' which they certainly attempt to do . . . western astronauts have problems in spaceflight. Not NASA's fault...because by the time NASA fines these people-it's too late since the social eating patterns have already damaged organic structural integrity. Depositing excess toxic heavy metals in their cell structures and effecting connective tissue synthesis and detoxification potential which effect endurance and molecular field bonding factors .

Western astronauts are a mixture of many latitude and longitude genetically based influences. Whereas the Russians are a purer structured organic system based closer to the soil and non refined material agriculture . . . so in fact are their adaptogens (food supplements used in orbit) which originate from the geo-areas as the people who use them.

Now again . . . maybe it's not the Russian anatomy at all but something else. Because weightraining within earth's pressure dome builds strong denser bodies regardless when enhanced with proper nutrition.
So what is it that the Russians cosmonauts have (had) as an edge minus socio-political drives as a factor.
And the answer is a speculation here . . . it has
nothing to due with the Russians, Americans, or
any country's cheering section....and that is, the centripugal force and electromagnetic fields of the earth may be more or less intense at certain longitudes and latitudes of the earth.

TIC refers to this as 'latitiude and longitude genetic sensitivity ' . . . or the 'organic human terran bonding principle':

1. Latitude inducing body density:
a. The earth rotates faster at..... countries at this latitude band.... FINISH THIS DATA FROM NOTES.

2. Colder atmospheric conditions and atmospheric pressure systems. Which may produce slower basic metabolism rates preserving or slowing body density breakdown. Intensified or quantified by inward impacting atmospheres effecting the human genome.

3. The earth iron core creating a stronger molecular pull on the magnetic elements with in the human system.
Human beings from more mid range latitudes
closer to the equator...may weaker tissue molecular force field bonds.

4. Additionally since the body breakdown in space
which is an acidic reaction...adaptogens which maybe alkaloids have a counter ph action canceling or muting slowing this acidity.
Anabolism is an alkaline hydrating reaction linking to nitrogen (protein), carbon potentials.
"Research has proven that the Earth's poles generate electro–magnetic fields that exchange vital energy with all life forms; plants, animals and humans.
"This electro–magnetic energy present in all living things is also known as the Life Force.
"The heart generates bio–electricity, the brain stores it, and then passes this bio–electricity through our spinal network. From here, every gland, muscle, organ and indeed every cell in our bodies is bathed with a balanced charge of electromagnetic energy.
"In a healing crisis, our electrical equilibrium is disrupted so that our organs and cells get either too much or too little electricity or the electrical charge is blocked altogether, manifesting what we call dis–ease. "We are constantly barraged with damaging EMF's (electromagnetic fields) such as radio waves, microwaves and other harmful electrical fields that disrupt our electrical balance causing much of modern day disease.
" We eat foods which have very little if any life force and we are faced with physical, mental and emotional stress further disrupting our normal electrical fields.
(UNDER DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH)


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