A Special Presentation From Hahn Air Base, W. Ger. 50th K-9 Section!






WE'RE DIFFERENT!



The Air Policeman was born with the aviation age. He has worn many uniforms and insignia. In his early years he wore army khaki and the military police brassard with the crossed pistols of the Corps of Military Police.

As aviation came of age, he still looked like a military police man but unlike his Army counterpart who was continually on the move, the Air Policeman's base of operation remained static.

The threat he had to guard against was likely to be a saboteur or a small guerrilla attack on his air field (base).

With the end of World War II and the emergence of the United States Air Force as a separate service; it gave birth to the Air Policeman, along with a new identity and a new mission.

In Korea the skill of the air policeman were honed in battle and from that police action we became the infantry of the Air Force.

During the Cold War, we maintain our new missions, along with manpower shortages and the austerity program!

In Vietnam we earned our spurs. There for almost ten years we maintained ten bases essentially sacred from enemy attack. In most attacks the sapper died on the wire instead of running amok inside the airfield and destroying the aircraft.

We came out of Vietnam with a new sense of respect for our selves and a new recognition of our role by the leadership of the Air Force.

In the years that followed Vietnam, we ceased being an all male force and welcomed women into every area of Security Police operations.

As you read this brief historical timeline of us, you will become familiar with names like Kimp'o, Berlin, Saigon, Tehran and Bosia, where we have served with distinction!

Wherever the U.S. Air Force has gone for the last fifty years, the Air - Security Policeman has gone with it. Wherever the Air - Security Policeman has gone people have taken notice.

This is our story.




MP...............AP...............SP .............SF

..1947............1948............1966..........Present









United States Air Force's
Security Forces' Historical Timeline!



1920 - The Army Authorization Act of 1920 provided for the establishment of reserve Military Police units but it existed on paper only. No Military Police units were actually formed, not until 1941, when the first military police units were placed on a permanent basis, and given their own doctine training and other attributes of a professional unit.

1939 April 3 - President F. D. Roosevelt signs the National Defense Act of 1940, which authorized a $300 million budget and 6,000 air planes for the Army Air Corps and increase AAC personnel to 3,203 officers and 45,000 enlisted troops.

1941 June 20 - United States Army Air Force established.

1941 February 12th - General George C. Marshall, US Army Chief of Staff, approved an apportionment of 53,299 blacks to the Army Air Forces.

Note: Marshall added "the stipulation that air base defense units be organized and the Negro personnel be used only for this purpose."

1941 November - The US Army Air Force (AAF), for the first time, established a number of black Air Base Security Battalions (ABS), for air base defense; structured loosely on the RAF's Royal Air Force Infantry Regiments. (See related article, this page).

1942 December 9 - The US Army is reorganized into three autonomous forces: Army Air Force, Ground Forces and Services of Supply.

1943 - Position, Air Provost Marshal created by General H.H. Arnold.

1943 - All black ABS Battalions introduced to combat in the North African and Mediterranean Theaters.

Note: By 1943, with the U.S. Army Air Force gaining control of the skies in Europe, the deactivation of the ABS Battalions began in the MTO; however they continued to serve in the PTO until the end of the war.

1943 March 19 - Lt. General H. Hap Arnold is promoted to four-star rank, a first for the Army Air Force.


Note: The following excerpt is from The Air Force Security Police Association's Book, published in 1996, by Turner Publishing, and is reproduced here as a public service and acknowledgement of the contribution made by ABS Battalions during World War II.


Our Beginning...
During World War II

While base defense did not become a serious issue until after the invasion of Italy and central Europe, the solution led to two first. In November 1941, the AAF established a number of special units to which black troops were assigned. These were the first black troops to serve in the Air Force, and the units were an integral part of the history of the Security Force. These units were called Air Base Security Battalions (ABS).

Who Will Defend These Bases?



...Air Base Security Battalions!


Early in 1941, the U.S. armed forces were totally segregated, the Air Force especially so. It was "high tech," and the black soldier was considered to be incapable of performing anything but the very basics!

Then later in 1941, popular sentiment and politicial pressure led the Roosevelt administration to order blacks to be assigned to AAF units.

Units, such as the Air Base Security Battalions, and aviation engineers, etc. represented the first units to be integrated into the air service, which was still segregated. Even these units were composed of black enlisted men and an all white officer corp.

Segregation and old stereotypes die hard. Regard- less of unit designations, the AAF employed these units in menial labor force jobs. They were provided with little or no training, and soon bitterness and anger led to near mutiny. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the Urban League, and the Congress of Racial Equality entered the fray and won the Army's agreement to ensure that black airmen would performed the jobs implicit in their unit titles.

Originally, at least on paper, the Army planned use the ABS battalions to defend advanced fighter bases against attacks by hostile groups. In the summer of '42, their training consisted of field fortifications, small arms, anti-tank artillery, and defensive infantry tactics. By 1943, the units were in the field in combat, in all theaters of operation. Late in the war they became truly integrated units, with a racial mix.

The firepower and equipment of these early air base defenders would have been the envy of the Air Police of the '50s, and the Security Police defending the bases in Vietnam. Each unit was equipped with four M2 half tracks, twelve M3 armored cars with ring mounted 50-cal. machine guns, four self propelled 75-mm guns and twelve 30-cal. heavy machine guns.

Were they effective? They undoubtedly would have been had they ever been employed as a unit and within the concept of operations intended by the planners.

Considering the military hierarchy of the day did not want black troops and when forced to accept them, employed them in what amounted to labor units... they endured remarkably well. From the first group, that was trained at Fort Rucker, Alabama, there were a total of twenty-two battalions, between June 1942 and February 1943, when the formation of ABS units ceased.

At Fort Rucker training of the units included physcal conditioning, close order drill, care and maintenance of clothing and equipment, sanitation and first aid, use of the bayonet, map and aerial photo reading, weapons drill for machine guns and artillery, hand grenades, interior guard, combat intelligence, messenger training, and observer training. All in all, ABS personnel underwent a rather more thorough preparation for combat than did other infantrymen.

In North Africa they frequently deployed to bases close to the front lines, but according to their reports to higher headquarters, rarely did they operate as a unit; instead they were broken down into many smaller detachments. Instead of guarding one base, as they were designed to do, they usually guarded four or more. This critically altered their strength as a fighting unit, making them more or less, sentries, rather than defenders. Consequently, ABS troops frequently performed what they called "Military Police" duties.

The effectiveness of the ABS Battalions was degraded by false assumptions by the planners at the outset of the ABS program. First, ABS units were intended to operate together in the defense of one base; second, they would be AAF units, although closer to ground forces in composition, training and supply requirements; and third, transportation and communications for such units, required minimal equipment presumably because they would be static units.

In their deployment, the ABS units almost always split into detachments, doubtless because there were many more forward bases than ABS units, at least until the Italian campaign. Even then, when they were congregated around the Foggia complex of bases, they still found themselves in smaller detachments, although fewer than in North Africa or Sicily.



Although ABS units were attached to the Army Air Force, they trained under the Service Forces and remained in some nebulous way, subordinate to them administratively; hence the supply problems. They needed combat material which neither Service Forces nor Air Forces had on hand. Fortunately, they never engaged in the major combat, for which they were intended; therefore, most of the shortages were mere irritants, rather than disasters.

Their history inarguably belongs with the history of the U.S. Air Force Security Force. They first had the mission of defending air bases and did a remarkable job inspite of all the obstacles they had to overcome!



1944 December 21 - General Henry "Hap" Arnold becomes General of the Army, the first airman to hold five-star rank.

1945 - V-E Day, the war ends in Europe.

1945 - August 15th, V-J Day, the war ends in the Pacific.

1946 - Colonel Mitchell "Mike" Mabardy (considered the father of Security Police) was appointed by General Carl Spaatz to plan and formulate the new Air Force's Military Police (MP) Force.

1947 September 18 - The US Air Force is established as a separate service, with W. Stuart Symington appointed as the first Secretary of the Air Force. General Carl A. Spaatz, Commanding General of the AAF, bcomes first Chief of Staff on Sept. 26th. Brig General J. V. Dillon became the first Air Provost Marshal.



1947-50 - Army Olive Drab Service Dress, khaki, tan, and cotton utility uniforms were worn with minor changes in the way of Air Force chevrons. MP and Air Police brassard worn for identification.

German CSU AP
Pic © Sembach Vets

1947 - Civilan Service Units established in the oversea commands. CSUs, were foreign born personel, who were generally attached to the Air Police's Law Enforcement sections, as interpreters.

1948 - Name changed: Military Police became Air Police (AP) in the newly created Air Force.

1948 January 2 - USAF General Order #1 formally placed the new Air Force Provost Marshal under the authority of the Air Force Inspector General.

1949 July 1 - The U.S. Air Force becomes the first service to end racial segregation in its ranks.

1950 - Kimp'o Air Base (SAC), So. Korea, strafed by North Korean fighters. As a result, Colonel James Luper, Air Provost Marshal, is ordered by General Curtis LeMay to build a Ranger trained elite ground combat force for the Strategic Air Command (SAC). This force was the predecessor of Air Base Defense and was nicknamed "Lupers Troopers".

1950 June 25 - The Korean War starts and forces the rapid expansion of the Air Police manpower, from 10,000 troops to 39,000 by December, 1951.

1950 - Introduction of Air Force blue (shade 84) service dress uniform.





Introduction Of
Air Force Blue (Shade 84)


As early as 1945, long before the Air Force became an independent service, its leaders were looking at the possibility of obtaining a distinctive new uniform. By 1946 it was clear that it would be some shade of blue.

In January 1948, President Truman approved a new uniform for the Air Force, but Congress would not approve the funding. In January 1949, the Air Force and Army addressed the issue again. This time there would be no extra costs. The blue cloth would be introduced as a normal replacement procurement in 1950.

On January 18, 1949, President Truman again approved a distinctive blue uniform for the Air force. A week later (January 25th) the Air Force Chief of Staff, General Hoyt Vandenberg, spread the word that the blue uniform had been approved and would be available for distribution by September 1, 1950. He clearly stated that no one should purchase a blue uniform until "full instructions, specifications, and samples of cloth" were available.

On April 8, 1949, Air Force Letter 35-46 stated that the new Air Force blue winter uniform(shade #84) for men was available for purchase and immediate use. Distribution of blue uniforms would be made when stocks were available and general issue to airmen was expected to occur by September 1st, 1950



1950 - September - An Air Police School was established at Tyndall AFB, Florida.

1951 - Strategic Air Command's Security School for Air Base Defense established at Fort Carson, CO.

1952 - Army olive drab service uniform phased out.

1953 - First USAF Air Base Defense school established at Parks AFB, California, for regular AP units.

1953 - Korean War ends! The major lesson learned from the war... was 'Resourse Protection.'

1956 January - Air Provost Marshal title changed to Provost Marshal under the leadership of Brig Gen W. L. Fagg.

1956 - White Service cap authorized for Air Police units.

Note: White helmet liners, white service cap covers and blue helmet liners with AP and SP insignias were being worn in the late 40's and early 50's before the white service cap was approved. Troops who wore white helmet liners, were known as "snow drops!"

1956 October 13 - Air Police School moved to Lackland AFB, San Antonio, Texas.

Wiesbaden K-9 Ctr., West Germany


1956 - USAF opens Military Working Dog (MWD) training centers overseas: Wiesbaden, Germany and Showa AB, Japan.

1957 - The Air Force assumed training of all sentry dogs for the Department of Defense and opens the Security Dog Training School, at Lackland AFB, San Antonio, Texas.



1959 -First official AF Air Police Shield (issued to replace brassard) was presented to Air Police Marshal, Brig. Gen. Burnham by Vice Chief of Staff, USAF, General Curtis E. LeMay. Note: Locally manufactured Air Police shield were worn before the official shield was approved.


1960 - Removal of blue enamel Air Police Shield because of chipping, changed to oxidized silver.

1960 January 4 - Small arms training was turned over to the Base Marksmanship School (Red Caps).

1961 January 12 - Night firing of the pistol and carbine was added to Air Police training.

1961 - Introduction of light-weight blue uniform combinations.

1961 March 15 - Provost Marshal title changes to Director of Security and Law Enforcement under the leadership of Brig Gen R. F. Burnham, to reflect changes on security role of Air Police.



1961 - Missile security was formally established with the first Titan sites at Dans - Monthan AFB, AZ., McConnell AFB, KN., Little Rock AFB, AR., and Malstrom AFB, MT.

1961 August 13 - Germany: Soviets erect the Berlin Wall; after a 24-hour tank face off at Checkpoint Charlie.

1961 - "Operation Farmgate." Air Policemen deploy to guard US cantonment areas at Tan Son Nhut AB, Bien Hoa AB, and DaNang AB, Vietnam.

1961 - December - Colonel Renee Rubin awarded the entry level Security Police Officer AFSC 8121.

1962 - .38 caliber revolvers phased in to replace .45 caliber pistols at SAC units.


1962 June - New silver plated police shields replaces the oxidized silver version, which was making black marks on the uniforms.

1962 - October - Cuban Missile Crisis!

1963 - Crisis in Panama!

1963 December - USAF had one Air Police officer and 280 enlisted on TDY status in Vietnam. One out of every 16 new recruits became an Air Policeman.

1963 - Director of Security and Law Enforcement position reverts from 0-7 to 0-6 position under the leadership of Col A. T. Learnard.

1964 - Short "Ike" jacket phased out.

1964 June - M-16 rifle with 5.56mm ammo phrased in to replace M-1 and M-2 carbines. M16 web gear replaces M1 Carbine web gear.

1964 - Name "Sabotage Alert Team" changed to "Security Alert Team."



1965 - Silver Tan khaki uniform phased out. Tropical bush jacket phased out.  Local manufacturing of fatigues with subdued name tapes and stripes authorized during Vietnam War. (Cotton fatigues, OD tropical style, Camo topical style).  Combination1505 tan uniform replaced less durable 505 combination.

1965 - Operation Safeside Beret. Change from Air Police to Security Police.

1965 January - Grenade launcher training added to M-16.

1965 Vietnam - Manpower requirements for southeast Asia jumped from 148 to 2,880.

1965 - SSgt Terrence Jensen is first AP killed in Vietnam. SSgt Jensen was killed on July 1 while flushing out VietCong sappers at DaNang AB. This incident brought MWD teams to Vietnam , and by 1966, not one Air Base had been penetrated by bases guarded with MWD's.

1965 September - Air Police squadrons receive their first armored vehicles, since postwar Korea cutbacks.

1965 November - Training conference at Hamilton AFB, CA, changed Air Police training to include self-defense and contact preparedness.

1966 - Air Police strength for southeast Asia increased to 5,000.

1966 November - Air Police name changed to Security Police. Specialty code for enlisted, changed from 77XXX to 81XXX.

1966 - First "down channel" alerting system was developed by US MACSV in Vietnam.

1966 December - Title changes from Director of Security and Law Enforcement to Director of Security Police with the "Safeside" mission under the leadership of Col D. C. Shultis.

1966 - Special Order G-42, July 18,1966, activated the 1041st Security Strike Force Squadron (Test) commanded by Lt Col William Wise and gave birth to Operation Safe Side. This unit was Ranger trained to provide an aggressive role in air base defense. Later they were renamed the 1041st Security Police Squadron (Test).

1966 - Light blue beret with falcon emblem authorized for use for combat security police assigned to 1041st SPS(T), visible recognition of our role as a special purpose unit.

1967 - 1041st SPS(T) arrived at Phu Cat AB, Vietnam.

1968 - Tet Offensive: Division strength NVA and Viet Cong hit the fences at Ton Son Nhut, Bien Hoa, DaNang, and Tuy Hoa Air Bases. Attacks continued through February, but the security police held their ground; not one air base was lost to the enemy.

1969 - Major emphasis on riot control particularly within AIC and MAC, caused the addition of a 12-hour course to basic Security Police training.

1969 August - First official patrol dog training class began. Sentry (attack) dog training was phased out.

1971 - CMS J. A. Renfroe becomes first Chief Master Sergeant of Security Police under Col R. E. Blauw, Director of Security Police.

1971 - Security Police career field split in two, Security Police and Law Enforcement, to facilitate promotions.

1971 - Women allowed to enter the Law Enforcement career field; also authorized to wear a white beret.

1971 - November - First six women graduated from the Law Enforcement Course (Sgt. Biggs, A1c Foster, A1c Byers, A1c Heims, and A1c Hollingsworth).

1973 - First female SP commissioned officer, Lt Sally Kucera, graduates Officer Academy School.

1973 - First female graduated from Security Police Officers Course, Lt Sally Kucera aka Col. Sally Uebelacker.



Women In
The Security Police Field


Women were first introduced into the Air Forces' Law Enforcement career field in1971. An all male career field since its inception, the Security Police did not accept this innovation easily. How ever, since women had been serving in civilian police forces for several years, these women were quickly integrated into the field.

As more women were trained and as they proved themselves capable of wider application in the career field, it became apparent that they had interests well beyond law enforcement.

The first women dog handlers came into service in 1973; and the first women entered the correction field in 1974.

While the first introduction of women into the career field was not until 1971, the gender barrier had been broken earlier by Renee Rubin.

Renee, a San Francisco lawyer and a reservist, was assigned as a mobilization day assignee to the Air Police headquarters staff in 1962. During her career as a reservist she achieved the rank of colonel and served as the IMA to the office of the Deputy Chief of Security Police.

It was 1973 before the first female commissioned officer, Lt. Sally Kucera, was graduated from the Basic Security Police Officer's Course. The career of Sally, now Col. Sally D. Uebelacker, has been a model for any young woman to follow, as she rose from 2nd lieutenant to the rank of colonel.

By 1976 the number of women in the career field had risen from 198 to 1,280 or to almost 4% of the force. Clearly, a dichotomy existed where the Security Police officer was concerned. The split career field affected only the enlisted force.

Officers might serve in any capacity including commanding combat troops in a war zone. In 1976, Lt. Pamela Kraus became the first woman to graduate from the Air Base Defense Course at Camp Bullis, Texas.

The same year, 1976, 100 women were selected to participate in a one year test of women serving in the security career field. Twenty five were assigned to each of four security units. The test was to determine whether or not women could perform the wide variety of security and ground defense tasks incumbent upon the career field.

To most of the senior leadership of the career field, the answer to the question was known before the test began. Certainly women could perform the duties. During the test period they proved their capabilities. Even at that, the test was a qualified success.

The real question which was yet to be answered was whether or not as a matter of national policy, were we ready to place women in harm's way in combat. The answer to that question was still several years away but ultimately the career field was open to women without limitations.

One of the issues addressed in bringing women into the field was the question of functionality vs femininity.

Brig. General Jeane Holm, the officer with primary oversight of women's matters in the Directorate of Personel, was opposed to arming the women with standard issue weapons carried in holsters on the side. Initally they were armed with the 2 inch barrel .38 and it was to be carried in the purse.

During one staff visit, a young lady complained bitterly, "Hell, Colonel, I can't even find my lipstick in my purse. What will I do, if I need my gun?" Utimately they were able to compromise and the women were armed the same as were the men.



In 1984, the full integration fo the security police force was achieved when the Secretary of the Air Force approved a revised combat exclusion policy affecting Security Police women. This revision opened previously closed security specialties in combat zones to women.

In January 1985, the first female student attended the Security Specialist Course under the permanent program, and on May 1st, 1985, twelve active duty women made up the first all female flight in the Security Specialist Course.



1973 - December - First females entered Patrol Dog Handler's Course and graduated in 1974. (Airmen Shiela Dugan and Rickie Thompson)

1974 - July - Women enters Corrections & Confinement at the 3320th Retraining Group. Lowry AFB, CO.

1975 - Authorization of SP Qualification Badges, dark blue beret, white scarf, and blue short jacket.

1975 March - Special Order GA-12 creates Office of Chief of Security Police as a Special Staff Agency to the Air Force Chief of Staff Brig Gen (Maj Gen selectee) T. M. Sadler becomes Chief of Security Police.

1975 - 320 SP's direct the evacuation of Saigon during the airlift. Air Force police units were the first in and the last to leave Vietnam.

1975 - First all female MWD Demonstration Team at 3rd SPS, Clark AB, Pi. (A1c's Siller, Wood, Sessoms, Shapiro, Dondeville, Ries and Anderson)

1975 - Major General Tom Sandler becomes the first Security Police general officer.

1976 - March - First three female Security Police Officers graduates from ABGD-III Course (1 Lt Pamila Krauss, 2 Lt Noreen Aberico, and 2 Lt Patricia Schafer).

1976 - October - 18 month test program begins for women in Security Specalist career field. 100 women enter program and are sent to 4 bases (Barsdale AFB, Grand Folks AFB, Nellis AFB, and Osan AB, Korea). At the end of the test, career field remains closed to women. Participants in the program were allowed to retrain or separate from the Air Force.

1977 - New Security Police Museum dedicated at Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas.

1978 - Title of Chief Master Sergeant of Security Police changes to Senior Enlisted Advisor to the USAF Chief of Security Police, under CMS Robert J. McLaurine.

1978 - Tan 1505 uniform phased out.

1978 October - Office of Chief of Security Police realigned at Air Staff and becomes Separate Operating Agency again responsible to the Air Force Inspector General. Air Force Office of Security Police (AFOSP) relocated from Washington D.C. to Kirtland AFB, New Mexico, under the leadership of Brig Gen W. R. Brooksher.

1979 - Emergency Services Team (EST) school established, Lackland AFB, Texas.



1980 - Introduction of subdued stripes and nametapes to fatigues. (Became mandatory in 1983, replacing blue and white). Permanent press durable fatigues phased in, to replace cotton. Woodland pattern BDU's introduced. Cloth badge introduced; miniature badge for women introduced.

1982 - March - Col (Brig Gen selectee) P. N. Scheidel becomes first career Security Police Officer to hold the position of Chief of Security Police. He is concurrently Commander of AFOSP and Assistant Inspector General of Security Police at Air Staff.

1982 - CATM was put under the operational control of Security Police units.

1984 - Women allowed to enter the Security Police career field.

1985 - January 18th - Airman Virginia Queen (ANG) became first female to attend the Security Specialist Course under the permanent program. She graduated on March 4th, 1985.

1985 - May 1st - Twelve active duty females, Class 850510, became first all female flight in Security Specialist Training.

1987 - Air Base Ground Defense moved to Fort Dix, NJ, and the Army took over responsibility to train SPs in Ground Combat Skills.

1990 - M9 Pistol feather end nylon web gear introduced to replace .38 caliber. OD fatigues phased out, replaced by BDU's.

1990 - August - Operation Desert Shield: The first Security Police unit deployed to Saudi Arabia, was from Hahn Air Base, Germany. Members of The 50th SPS were located, 5 km from the Kuwait border, before the world even knew there was a problem in the Gulf.

1991 - "Chocolate Chip" Desert BDU worn in Operation Desert Storm.  Leather nametags with embossed shield introduced.

Mid 90's - Desert pattern BDU replaces "Chocolate Chip" pattern.

1991 February - Brig. Gen. F. K. Martin, Chief of Security Police, becomes a member of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force special staff. (HO USAF/SP) AFOSP becomes Field Operating Agency and Col F. L. Miller takes command in March 1991. AFOSP is redesignated AFSPC (Air Force Security Police Center) in April 1991.

1991 August 20th - Airman Laurie A. Lucas became the first Security Policewoman killed in the Line of Duty (633rd SPS, Anderson AB, Guam).

1995 - August - Ground Combat Skills moves back under control of the Air Force, and moves to Camp Bullis, TX.

1995 - December 6 - The first airmen arrived in Tuzla Bosnia, preparing the airfield for some of the 20,000 U.S. and 40,000 NATO troops enforcing the peace accord reached at Wright Patterson Air Base.

1996 - June - Khobar Towers bombing directly led to a change in AF doctrine, leading to a new Force Protection Attitude for the Air Force.

1997 January - Title changes from Chief of Security Police to Director of Security Forces under the leadership of Brig General R. A. Coleman. Title changes from S.E.A. to USAF CSP to Air Force Security Forces Manager under CMS Daryl Janicki.


1997 March 17 - Stand-up of 820th SFG at Lackland AFB, San Antonio, TX under Colonel L. Buckingham.

1997 June 13 - Stand-up of Force Protection Battlelab at Lackland AFB, TX, under Colonel D. J. Collins.

1997 October 31 - Career field name officially changes from Security Police to Security Forces. Security and Law Enforcement unify under one AFSC.

1997 November - HQ AFSFC relocates to Lackland AFB, TX from Kirtland AFB, New Mexico.

1997 - Security Police became Security Forces. Cloth flash replaces MAJCOM beret crest.

1998 August - 17th Air Force, Ramstein, Germany, sent Security Forces to the U.S. Embassy's bombing in Kenza, Africa. The unit was on the ground within 12 hours of the explosion.

1999 April - Operation Shining Hope, 17th USAFE, again Ramstein Sembach "cops" were the first on the ground at Tirana, Albania.

MORE TO COME...AFTER ALL, THIS IS
A HISTORY STILL BEING WRITTEN




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