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GREY MAIDEN

"The Slave of Marathon"

(Feb 5, 2003)

From the July 1926 issue of ADVENTURE, this is one of the Grey Maiden stories by Arthur D. Howden Smith (1887-1945,) and it's a complete delight. Smith wrote a series of seven short stories set in various historical periods, all dealing with the potent influence of the world's first iron sword... the Grey Maiden. Each of the episodes is well researched, well written and worth reading for its own merits, and the tantalizing bits and pieces we get about the sword's history just add to the appeal.

"The Slave of Marathon" is set at the famous battle way back in 490 B.C. (before any of us were even born). Basically, what we need to know is that the evil imperialistic Persians are trying to invade the Greeks states, where democracy was just starting to be given a chance, and the men of Athens kicked butt and took names. (The modern Marathon event is named after the distance a runner raced to bring the news home.)

The slave of the title is a huge brute named Glaucus, who is understandably unhappy about being ordered to fight Persian soldiers (with their nice armor and helmets and swords), while he himself is armed with only a knife and a crummy sling. Glaucus does a lot of grumbling and slacking, but his masters and countrymen enlighten him about the value of a land worth fighting for. In fact, one noble's brave self-sacrifice opens Glaucus' eyes a bit and the big oaf is fired with enthusiasm to resist the invaders.

What I really enjoyed about this story is that Glaucus' master is none other than Aeschylus, who actually did fight with distinction at Marathon and other battles. You have to love a playwright who straps on a sword and meets the enemy head-on. Classical Greek society wasn't perfect by any stretch of the imgination, but it was a first step in the right direction and it's amazing that some of the deepest thinkers and philosophers who ever lived had experience smacking swords with enemy soldiers.

Smith's dialogue is almost always excellent.. believable and quotable at the same time. When a leader is affronted by how outspoken Glaucus is, Aeschylus says that to permit a slave free speech is "the least dangerous of all liberties". The battle scenes are clearly and vividly described. The feverish intensity of Robert E. Howard isn't there, but Smith has a haunting touch of his own in his style. Describing a statue erected long after the events in this story, he writes, "But that statue long since became slaked lime in the wall of a Greek peasant's hut, and Glaucus was forgotten more completely than Aeschylus only the sword of the one and the plays of the other lived after them..."

Still, as enjoyable as the story is, it's the mystique of the Grey Maiden which most stirs this reader's curiosity. Incredibly ancient, the very first iron sword, it has shown up in many decisive battles through the ages. The blade has enigmatic inscriptions in different languages, some of which can no longer be read; just looking at it fires men with greed to possess it and a lust to use it. The sword is not explicitly supernatural (it's not exactly like Stormbringer or Excalibur), but it shatters other blades and whizzes through armor like a metaphor. And while the legend is that whoever wields the sword cannot be killed by another blade. there are still many ways for men to die. So you can see how the premise lends itself to grim irony.

"Hanno's Sword"

From the November 1926 issue of ADVENTURE, it's the Grey Maiden at it again, getting men into fatal predicaments and then abandoning them. Despite the seemingly true legend that he who wields the ancient sword cannot be killed by steel, somehow bad things nevertheless seem to befall all its holders. If I didn't know better, I'd suspect that there might be some sort of curse on the Maiden.

Arthur D Howden Smith wrote seven short stories in this series, each set in a different era and each a little gem of irony and historic lore. This time around, we're back in the year 203 when Hannibal left his invasion of Italy to return to Carthage and eventually deal with a guy named Scipio Africanus (and we know how well that turned out). It's a melancholy situation, as the fight against Rome was not exactly a glorious success; the wreck of Hannibal's army is being loaded onto ships to sail home without much hope for the future.

One of Hannibal's generals, Hanno, has been mortally injured by a sullen elephant*. His legs crushed, he only has a few hours to live and Hannibal has him brought to a temple full of mementoes and plaques of old victories so he can die with proud memories. And with Hanno's death, ownership of his strange sword will be up for grabs. Yes, it's the Grey Maiden, that slim sinister blade forged in ancient Egypt (the first iron sword ever made by men, as the legend goes). The sword is not blatantly supernatural. It doesn't slice through boulders or glow when enemies are near, or anything like that. No, it's just a wonderfully crafted weapon and it might be that the lust of fighting it inspires in men is entirely natural. And yet...

Several of Hannibal's men decide to loiter around to see if they can claim Grey Maiden when Hanno goes to pay the ferryman. Yes, they're deserters but they rationalize in various ways. One is named Hamilcar, which was the name of Hannibal's own father and also the name of a soldier who got tangled in the wars later (I'm going by Harold Lamb's book). But this is someone else. I dunno, maybe "Hamilcar" was like Steve or Pete back in Carthage. There's also a Greek sailor Norgon, who knew Hamilcar way back when their heads were filled with visions of glory and fame ("Youth's ambitions! Who realizes them?") and there's a Numidian soldier named Mago, "whose flatness of nose and kinky locks betrayed the half-breed" (if you want a few hours of reading heated debate without much evidence to get in the way, check out the arguments on whether Hannibal himself was what we would call Black). And completing the crew of malingerers is a Greek named Colchus, who is quite capable of leaving the march to chase lustfully after a cute Sabine girl he glimpses. ("Talk to a Greek, talk to a jackdaw," one of his comrades shrugs.)

Well, Hanno's spirit returns to the gods and the sword passes to Norgon. These three only have a few hundred men with them, all left behind by Hannibal, as well as one unenthusiastic elephant. No matter which way they turn, there will be Romans to fight and you can't underestimate those babies... the Empire didn't build itself, after all. In battle, Grey Maiden is a terror that seems to swing itself with swift accuracy, and its wielder is emboldened by the way he seems protected from harm by any steel. Of course, there is more than one way to die ("Man lives while the gods indulge him. When they will he dies") and we see the Maiden taken from one lifeless hand after another. In fact, this story more than the others in the series emphasizes how the sword leads its wielder into battles and then seems to desert him for a new hand when things get tough. (Gosh, she's fickle.)

Arthur D. Howden Smith has a wonderful knack for working a lot of background into the narrative without getting it bogged down other writers often did. Hannibal himself is only glimpsed briefly ("a tall figure in gilded mail") but we do get some insights into how brutal and callous it was to have forced those elephants to cross mountains they were never meant to traverse. The surviving beast wears "huge bullhide boots which Baraka had fashioned so laboriously to protect the elephant's corns from the sharp rocks and icy stretches of the mountains that shut off Italy from Gaul." In a well-written battle scene, it's impressive that the Roman legions are not scattered by the charge of the huge animal. Even though he tramples dozens of them into roadkill, the disciplined troops stand their ground and actually rush in to try to hamstring those thick legs or stab upward into the soft stomach. Running in to slash with a sword at a fighting elephant...! I hate having to chase a opossum from the patio at night.

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*This story has the surviving elephants being hauled back to Africa so that the Romans can't study them and figure out reliable counter-measures. According to other sources, though, any elephants who lived through the fighting were left behind as ship space in the evacuation was understandably limited. Heck, it's difficult enough to figure out what's actually going on in battles today, between the spin governments put on events and what people on the scene report, so when you go back a few thousand years, there's inevitably a lot of ambiguity.

"The Last Legion"

(July 12, 2004)

From December 1926, this is one of the seven 'Grey Maiden' stories that Arthur D. Howden Smith published in ADVENTURE over the course of a year or so. These are great little historical dramas, but each one takes place in such a different era, told from wildly differing viewpoints, that it takes a slight shifting of mental gears to let each story sink in on its own terms. Smith is a fine writer who obviously did a lot of homework, and he's good at telling events in complex settings with clarity. But you have to settle in and let him tell the story his own way, at his own pace, to appreciate it.

Grey Maiden itself was the world's first true iron-bladed sword, forged in ancient Egypt and passed on since then from hand to hand in bloody transition. The sword is not overtly supernatural. It doesn't literally sing in an eerie voice or leap out of its wielders hand to fly across a field and impale someone. All the effect Grey Maiden has on the men who claim it can be explained rationally in simple psychological terms. And yet, the damned thing does have a charisma and a mystique that sometimes makes your hair stand up. You wonder where the sword is today, if it has survived and is starting trouble somewhere in the world.

"The Last Legion" is a dense, moody tale, filled with melancholy and mournfulness. Although there are battles and skirmishes, with a city under siege to the point of house-by-house fighting, there is no detailed description of individual duels such as you might find in Robert E. Howard or H. Rider Haggard. Much of the tale is a history lesson told in the first person, and, although I found it fascinating, a few times it did get bogged down slightly in a bit too much background.

Rome has been conquered by the Barbarians, the new Frankish masters are not all that oppressive and yet it's a bitter time for those who once were masters of a great Empire. Theodoric the Goth rules in Italy, Clovis is King of Gaul. Although there is still a city called Rome, it is not the center of the world as it was not long ago. The new Empire in the East centers around Constantinople.

On the coast of Europe, a Consular named Flavius Comitanus writes a report to his Senator back in Rome, and this is the text of the story we read. While he is moping over lost glories and grumbling about how the pagan gods weren't so bad, Flavius is interrupted by the arrival of a small ship carrying fighting men. These turn out to be the remnants of the Sixth Legion from Britain. Flavius almost has a conniption fit over this, since Roman occupation of Britain ended a century earlier; nothing has been since heard from those misty isles, long thought to be completely overrun by Saxon heathens. Yet here is this guy Marbonius, claiming to be a Roman citizen and officer, turning up and still thinking nothing has changed. (It's Rip Van Winkle, all over again.)

Marbonius tells a sad tale of his Legion's increasingly desperate resistance against the Saxons overrunning his land. It's hard to summarize all the action without getting caught in an indigestible lump of place names and battles, but the result is that the survivors of the Sixth Legion have come to the mainland to petition the Empire for support in raising an army. All they find is an outpost falling apart and depressed Romans brooding as darkness falls.

As compelling as the story is in Smith's telling, it's the appearance of the Grey Maiden which gives "The Last Legion" extra resonance. Marbonius discovers the weapon in a vandalized* tomb housing the remains of a long- dead Prefect. As soon as he grips the hilt, the sword "swung up with a lithe, balanced grace, feather-light, as much a part of me as the arm that wielded it." The troops take the unexpected gift of the sword as a good omen and are stirred to greater efforts, especially as their captain seems to fight with much more energy and skill with the bloodthirsty blade in his hand. ("Even the soldiers noticed it. They called it 'Marbonius' grey maiden', and made up rude sayings about it.")

One interesting aside is that a Welsh guerrilla leader named Kyndylan wins a battle, and is acclaimed as King Arthur reborn. When Flavius asks who this Arthur guy might be, he is told, "The only King the Britons ever had whom you would call a soldier. While he lived he held the heathen at bay. But he did it by our... by Roman... methods. He was more Roman than Briton, at that." (You know, it would be ironic to make a movie with a Latin-looking actor as Arthur...)

This story strikes me as being the only fiction I can recall which shows Rome in a sentimental light. Let's face it, the Roman Empire has provided villains for hundreds of books and movies, from Biblical epics to Robert E. Howard's Bran Mak Morn stories. I would guess only Nazi Germany has been used more as a symbol of brutal oppression. Yet, here, Flavius Domitianus ends his letter with a haunting close. ".... Tell me; in very truth, have all our Roman centuries been in vain? Must the gathering night of barbarism obscure forever the learning and culture of the ages? What has Christianity done for us that the Old Gods did not do?... Farewell! Farewell! Farewell!"

Just goes to remind us, that There Are Three Sides to Every Story, and the truth is usually the one somewhere in the middle.
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*Actually, 'Saxonized'; we don`t want to blame the Vandals, they were nowhere near Britain.

"The Rider From the Desert"

(Nov 5, 2005)


[I would welcome corrections and clarifications from those with deeper historical knowledge.]

This is one of the Grey Maiden series, by Arthur D. Howden Smith, which appeared in ADVENTURE beginning in 1926. Set in widely varying periods and locations, these little historical vignettes are tied together by the appearance of the world's first iron sword, the Grey Maiden. ("A grey blade, with odd flecks and whorls in the steel, forged differently from any weapon they had ever seen. It was very slender and shapely, tapering perfectly from hilt to point.") There is nothing explicitly supernatural about the blade, but Smith convincingly imbues it with a charisma that the reader can sense; it's easy enough to feel that a genuine fighting man of past ages would have been strongly drawn to this beautifully crafted sword with its many enigmatic words and symbols inscribed on the blade.

Its funny, I had a lukewarm reaction at first to Smith's style. I tried sampling a few of his stories many years ago but couldn't get past the first few paragraphs. Then, something clicked and I suddenly saw how clear and deft his writing was. Maybe our minds have to shift gears with different authors. (I went straight from a Robert E. Howard story to a James Branch Cabell book once, and almost blew out an eyeball at the transition.) This particular story is perhaps a bit weaker than some of the earlier ones; it reads well enough and has an exciting duel, but the final closing paragraphs lack the perfect punchline of a fine short story. And frankly, what's going on in the world tonight gives "The Rider From the Desert" added poignance or horror, depending on how you take it.

There were seven Grey Maiden stories, all appearing in ADVENTURE:
  
"The Forging" (June 1926)
"The Slave of Marathon" (July 1926)
"A Trooper of the Thessalonians" (Aug 1926)
"Hanno's Sword" (Nov 1926)
"The Last Legion" (Dec 1926)
"The Rider from the Desert" (Feb 1927)
"Thord's Wooing" (April 1927)

The first one is available online at the Black Mask Magazine site http://www.blackmaskmagazine.com/theforging.html. The second one was in the Centaur paperback SWORDSMEN AND SUPERMEN, the next four were included in the 1974 Centaur book GREY MAIDEN, and (as far as I know) the final story has never been reprinted. A shame, too, as it has Grey Maiden falling into Viking hands -- hmm, sounds like trouble.

(Centaur Books were terrific by the way, simple no-frills paperbacks, usually very slim but with great content. They were evidently a small operation; the text on some of them looks as it had been written on a manual typewriter. I only saw them for a brief time in New York City in the early 1970s and boy, if I knew then that I would have a serious pulp habit thirty years later, I would have been sure to snatch up every single one I could find!)

This time, we're at a Roman outpost near Muta (then part of Syria), and a new commander arriving is followed by an unexpected (and unwelcome) emissary of the Prophet. This is a guy named Khalid, fierce and fanatical, full of threats and demands. The Roman commander scoffs and grudgingly agrees to send Khalid's letter back to the Emperor but he underestimates what he is dealing with here.

On one level, this is a straightforward tale of a clash between Roman soldiers and Muslims, with a mistake in strategy and an ill-advised personal duel shifting who owns that turf. But running deeper than that is the philosophical meaning of dedication and motivation. Rome is not what it was in its glory days. Few of the soldiers serving at the outposts are genuine Romans by blood and the slogans about Rome being a way of life and an eternal empire are starting to sound hollow. ("Rome was – Rome is – more than a city. It is an idea, a tradition." Yeah, right.) The new commander is all too aware of his empire's sad decline and he senses uneasily that the fanaticism of these enthusiastic Muslim warriors is a potent force. ("An idea is the most powerful weapon a man can wield. They believe in themselves.")

There was in fact an historical battle of Musta in 629, when Mohammed himself was still beginning his conquests. From the reports I've seen, though, the outcome was far different than as shown in this story. Not that it really matters in a pulp adventure story starring an ancient mystic sword, of course.

One account of the historic battle features an incident which Smith uses to great effect. A flag-bearer has his right arm cut off by the enemy, so he switches the pole to his left hand only to have that hand sent flying off. So the brave warrior clasps the flag staff between his bleeding stumps until he is finally killed. This dramatic (if slightly implausible) sequence occurs a few times and seems to be as beloved a tale as how the military leaders would deliberately maim their own horses to show they were not about to retreat from battle (nice way to treat your faithful steed, I must say!)

The legend of the Grey Maiden is that he who wields it cannot be slain by steel. Well, that sounds great but then again, there are many ways for a man to die. Several times, it seems almost as if Grey Maiden chooses to desert its owner and go over to the ascendant side, looking for more battles. For all we know, Grey Maiden might still be out there (like the Grail or the Spear of Longinus). Few battles are fought anymore with naked steel, but a military leader might well treasure a priceless ancient sword in his collection of antique weapons and who knows what ideas it might stir in his head....


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