Distant Galaxy is Too Massive for the BIG-Bang Hypothesis, and Other Similar Considerations - Updated 2009-10

Summary - (Sep 27, 2005)


The latest images released from the Hubble Space Telescope pinpoint an ENORMOUS GALAXY located almost 13 BiILLION LIGHT-YEARS AWAY - at a time when the Universe WAS ONLY 800 MILLION YEARS OLD. This galaxy contains 8 Times the Mass of stars as the Milky Way, AND REALLY SHOULDN'T EXIST ACCORDING TO CURRENT ASTRONOMICAL THEORY. This research demonstrates that mature stars and large galaxies formed much earlier than astronomers had ever expected.

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Full Story - Distant galaxy in a Hubble Ultra Deep Field image. Image credit: Hubble Space Telescope.


Two of NASA's Great Observatories, the Spitzer and Hubble Space Telescopes, have teamed up to "weigh" the stars in several distant galaxies. One of these galaxies, among the most distant ever seen, appears to be unusually massive and mature for its place in the young universe.


This came as a BIG SUPRISE to astronomers, as the earliest galaxies in the universe are commonly thought to have been much smaller associations of stars that gradually merged to build large galaxies like our Milky Way.


"This galaxy, named HUDF-JD2, appears to have bulked up quickly, within the first few hundred million years after the big bang. It made about eight times more mass in stars than are found in our own Milky Way, and then, just as suddenly, it
stopped forming new stars," said Bahram Mobasher of the Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore and the European Space Agency, Paris.


The galaxy was pinpointed among approximately 10,000 others in a small patch of sky called the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF). The galaxy is believed to be about as far away as the most distant known galaxies. It represents an era when the universe was only 800 million years old. That is about five percent of the universe's age of 14 billion years.


Scientists studying the UDF found this galaxy in Hubble's infrared images. They expected it to be young and small, like other known galaxies at similar distances. Instead, they found evidence the galaxy is remarkably mature and much more massive, and its stars appear to have been in place for a long time.


Hubble's optical-light UDF image is the DEEPEST IMAGE EVER TAKEN, YET THIS GALAXY WAS NOT EVIDENT. THIS INDICATES MUCH OF THE GALAXY'S OPTICAL LIGHT HAD BEEN ABSORBED BY TRAVELLING BILLIONS OF LIGHT-YEARS THROUGH THE INTERVENING INTERSTELLAR PLASMA . The galaxy was detected using Hubble's Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer. It was also detected by an infrared camera on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) at the European Southern Observatory. At those longer infrared wavelengths, it is very faint and red.


The BIG SUPRISE is how much brighter the galaxy is in even longer- wavelength infrared images from the Spitzer Space Telescope. Spitzer is sensitive to the light from older, redder stars, which should make up most of the mass in a galaxy. The infrared brightness of the galaxy suggests it is massive. "This would be quite a big galaxy even today," said Mark Dickinson of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, Ariz. "At a time when the universe was only 800 million years old,


IT'S POSITIVILY GIGANTIC," he added.


Spitzer observations were also independently reported by Laurence Eyles from the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom and Haojing Yan of the Spitzer Science Center, Pasadena, Calif. They also revealed evidence for mature stars in more ordinary, less massive galaxies at similar distances, when the universe was less than one billion years old.


The new observations reported by Mobasher extend this notion of surprisingly mature "baby galaxies" to an object which is perhaps 10 times more massive, and which seemed to form its stars even earlier in the history of the universe.
Mobasher's team estimated the distance to this galaxy by combining information provided by the Hubble, Spitzer, and VLT observations. The relative brightness of the galaxy at different wavelengths is influenced by the expanding universe and allows astronomers to estimate its distance.


They can also get an idea of the make-up of the galaxy in terms of the mass and age of its stars. It will take the next generation of telescopes, such as the infrared James Webb Space Telescope, to confirm the galaxy's distance.


While astronomers generally believe most galaxies were built piecewise by mergers of smaller galaxies, the discovery of this object suggests at least a few galaxies formed quickly long ago. For such a large galaxy, this would have been a tremendously explosive event of star birth. Mobasher's results will appear in the Astrophysical Journal on Dec. 20.


And another nail, in the Big-Bang fizzle:
http://www.physorg.com/news76314500.html
Big Bang's Afterglow Fails an Intergalactic Shadow Test


Here's some addditional facts on the Outside Universe;
http://community-2.webtv.net/hotmail.com/prime137/Universe/


And Definite Proof, that the Big Bang - Dark Fudge Hypothesis is doomed, by the facts:
http://www.holoscience.com/news.php?article=d4fsrk24


As Evidence Mounts Against the Expanding Universe:
http://etheric.com/Cosmology/redshift.html


And the New U.K. Infra-Red Telescope will weigh in, on the Puzzle of the Distant Galaxies:
http://community-2.webtv.net/SkyVessel-1/UKTimeMachine/


Plus, one of the latest nail in the Big-Bang Hypothesis;


"The galaxies are located about 12 billion light-years away, and existed when the universe was less than 2 billion years old. They are the most luminous and massive galaxies seen at that great distance."
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/press/2007/pr200721.html


And the Newton discovers Missing Matter - (Plasma Filament Structure between Galaxies
http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMQLPZXUFF_index_1.html


"Ouchi adds that, according to Big Bang cosmology, small objects form first and then merge to produce larger systems. "This Blob had a size of typical present-day galaxies when the age of the universe was about 800 million years old, only 6 percent of the age of today's universe,"
http://www.universetoday.com/2009/04/22/new-mystery-from-cosmic-dawn-the-blob/


Plus the fallacy of Blackholes, in the former Big-Bang Hypothesis, and scientific papers on proof of their fallacy.
http://www.thunderbolts.info/thunderblogs/archives/guests08/022108_guest_sjcrothers.htm


Here is brief detail of a more rational expanation:

>>>>>>>>>>>>>The Black Vortex<<<<<<<<<


Any  medium that supposedly supports wave motion, should also be able of supporting whirlpool or vortex motion.


If the motion is rotation , or movement in a closed circuit, as in vortex motion, then the inertia will be localized, and thus have momentum. The distinguishing characteristic of the so- called blackholes  is their Localized Persistence of Individuality, and this is the same as vortex motion.


Wave motion is not localized, as it will not revert to original form, when distorted. but will travel in the direction normal to the new wavefront, their being no persistence of individuality or memory of the original form of the wavefront


On the other hand, a vortex ring , if distorted from the circular , or elliptical  will spontaneously revert to it's original form , displaying persistence of individuality, and memory of it's original form.


The so called event horizon of a blackhole is the interface closed circuit of vortex motion, within the medium, the resulting reaction not allowing light to escape, as it is no longer a wave, in the normal
sense, but still an energy source, contributing to the inertia and momentum of the vortex, or so-called blackhole.


ºººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººººº
And since I've disproved the Big-Bang Hypothesis, the false concept Inflation Hypothesis, that allows for faster than light speeds in the early Big-Bang happening is in vogue, to explain the Horizon Problem, that proves the Big-Bang never happened.


****The Horizon Problem With the Big-Bang****
Our universe appears to be unfathomably uniform. Look across space from one edge of the visible
universe to the other, and you'll see that the microwave background radiation filling the cosmos is at the Same Temperature Everywhere.


That may not seem surprising UNTIL you consider that the two edges are nearly 28 Billion Light Years apart and our universe is ONLY 14 Billion Years Old.


Nothing can travel faster than the speed of light, so there is NO WAY heat radiation could have travelled between the two horizons, and then even out the hot and cold spots created in the big bang and leave the Thermal Equilibrium we see now at 2.8°K


This "horizon problem" is a INCURABLE MIGRAINE headache for BIG-BANG cosmologists, so big that they have come up with some pretty wild FUDGE FACTOR solutions. "Inflation", for example.


You can solve the horizon problem by having the universe expand ultra-fast for a time, just after the big bang, blowing up by a factor of 10^50 in 10-33 seconds. But this is just wishful thinking.


"Inflation would be an explanation if it occurred," says University of Cambridge astronomer Martin Rees. The trouble is that no one knows what could have made that happen, after the big bang.


So, in effect, if inflation solves one mystery it only invokes another.


A variation in the speed of light could also solve the horizon problem - but this too is impotent in the face of the question "why?" In scientific terms, the uniform temperature of the background radiation remains an anomaly, for the BIG-BANG, but not if it never happened, which it didn't, as I already proved.


In general, heat and electricity are opposites of gravity, flowing from a high intensity to a planar low intensity, called the universal plasma, that is 10^36 times stronger than gravity, while gravity seems to attract mass of a low intensity to a centric high intensity.


Motion under the influence of gravity naturally takes place from regions of lower to those of higher intensity, and accounts for the tendency of physical masses to arrive at the shortest distance between them.


As you gaze into the sky, you see the stars performing this function, in the most stable way, and other celestrial phenomena being in various states of this condition.


The lowest condition of universal resonance, of the infinite, outside universe, allowing for molecular motion, is the cosmic background radiation, at 2.8°K with a frequency of 10¹²Hz.


We must always remember that our ordinary physical laws, as they are usually expressed, do not hold true when carried to an extent which permits the error to be measured, because they do not follow a straight line reaching to infinity, but a curve of finite radii.


In a timeless universe, this curve would be represented by a circle, but since the laws operate through time as well as space, the curve is more readily understood if depicted as a 'sine wave.'


The circle, being without beginning or end, symbolizes the infinite nature of the Universe itself, two dimensionally, the spherical condition being composed of an infinite number of circles in 3-dimensionality, and the sine wave passing through ithe circle, a spiral, co-axial, spring visualization in 3 dimensionality, symbolizes the curved but finite nature of the laws which operate within the infinite whole.


The well known, ancient Chinese Yin -Yang Sine Wave Symbol, whose true meaning has been blurred thru time, is but one earthly symbol that represents the positive and negative aspects of the laws, that operate within the infinite whole.
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>>>>>>>(Big Bang, Dark Fudge Disproven)>>>>>>

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